INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER DRUGS

The evidence presented here: 

• 2021
• Cannabinoid Metabolites as Inhibitors of Major Hepatic CYP450 Enzymes, with Implications for Cannabis-Drug Interactions. https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/49/12/1070 
• A Patient’s Guide to CBD and Drug Interactions: Written by Dr. Dustin Sulak: https://healer.com/a-patients-guide-to-cbd-and-drug-interactions/
• IS CBD TOXIC TO THE LIVER?:  https://www.projectcbd.org/science/cbd-toxic-liver?utm_source=Project+CBD+Mailing+List&utm_campaign=fc2e6f0c39-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2020_02_26_07_50_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_ea5031784e-fc2e6f0c39-11562609
• Cannabis-drug interactions are a concern for all patients, but older adults who take multiple medications are at greatest risk:  https://www.crxmag.com/issues/2020/winter/cannabis-drug-interactions.shtml
• Interaction between warfarin and cannabis:  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30326170
• Myocardial infarction following the combined recreational use of viagra and cannabis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6654297/
• 2020
• Oncologists' perspectives on medical marijuana use by older adults. (USA, abstract, 2020) https://www.geriatriconcology.net/article/S1879-4068(19)30413-8/fulltext 
• Medical Cannabis for Intractable Epilepsy in Childhood: A Review. (Israel, full, 2020) https://www.rmmj.org.il/userimages/1024/1/PublishFiles/1029Article.pdf 
• Buprenorphine-cannabis interaction in patients undergoing opioid maintenance therapy. (Germany, full, 2020) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00406-019-01091-0
• 2019
• Medical Cannabis: Effects on Opioid and Benzodiazepine Requirements for Pain Control. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31129977/ 
• Marijuana Use in the Anesthetized Patient: History, Pharmacology, and Anesthetic Considerations. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31920198/ 
• Cannabis and Turmeric as Complementary Treatments for IBD and Other Digestive Diseases. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11894-019-0670-0 
• CBD loaded microparticles as a potential formulation to improve paclitaxel and doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in breast cancer. (Spain, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378517319309615?via%3Dihub 
• A Review of Cannabis and Interactions With Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Agents. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31724188/ 
• Clinical trial simulations of the interaction between cannabidiol and clobazam and effect on drop-seizure frequency. (Netherlands, abstract, 2019) https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bcp.14158 
• Ligands of the CB2 cannabinoid receptors augment activity of the conventional antidepressant drugs in the behavioural tests in mice. (Poland, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432819311891?via%3Dihub 
• How does cannabidiol (CBD) influence the acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in humans? A systematic review. (UK, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763419305615?via%3Dihub 
• An assessment of urine THC immunoassay in healthy volunteers receiving an oral proton-pump inhibitor. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31566030/
• Drug–drug interactions and pharmacodynamics of concomitant clobazam and cannabidiol or stiripentol in refractory seizures. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://www.epilepsybehavior.com/article/S1525-5050(19)30449-4/fulltext 
• The Potential for Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Cannabis Products and Conventional Medications. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31433338/ 
• Distinct inflammatory profiles in HIV-infected individuals under ART using cannabis, cocaine or cannabis plus cocaine. (Brazil, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31490211/ 
• Efficacy of Cannabinoids in a Pre-Clinical Drug-Screening Platform for Alzheimer’s Disease. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12035-019-1637-8 
• A marijuana-drug interaction primer: Precipitants, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0163725819300750 
• Evidence of a clinically significant drug-drug interaction between cannabidiol and tacrolimus. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31012522/ 
• An examination of consequences among college student drinkers on occasions involving alcohol-only, marijuana-only, or combined alcohol and marijuana use. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30869919/ 
• Perspectives on cannabis as a substitute for opioid analgesics. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30681029/ 
• Triple comorbid trajectories of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use from adolescence to adulthood predict insomnia in adulthood. (USA/ Republic of Korea, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460318306385?via%3Dihub 
• Prevalence and Effects of Cigarette Smoking, Cannabis Consumption, and Co-use in Adults From 15 Countries With Congenital Heart Disease. (Belgium/ South Africa/ Canada/ USA/ Switzerland/ Japan/ Netherlands/ Taiwan/ India/ Argentina/ Norway/ Sweden/ Malta/ France/ Australia/ Italy, abstract, 2019) https://www.onlinecjc.ca/article/S0828-282X(19)31150-X/fulltext 
• Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol attenuates oxycodone self-administration under extended access conditions. (USA, Abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0028390819301212 
• Probable Interaction Between Warfarin and Inhaled and Oral Administration of Cannabis. (USA, PDF, 2019) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334562028_Probable_Interaction_Between_Warfarin_and_Inhaled_and_Oral_Administration_of_Cannabis 
• Antinociceptive and Abuse Potential Effects of Cannabinoid/Opioid Combinations in a Chronic Pain Model in Rats. (Jordan/ Saudi Arabia, PDF, 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/9/11/328 
• Potential Adverse Drug Events and Drug–Drug Interactions with Medical and Consumer Cannabidiol (CBD) Use. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6678684/ 
• Effects of Cannabis Use on Sedation Requirements for Endoscopic Procedures. (USA, full, 2019) https://jaoa.org/article.aspx?articleid=2731067 
• Influence of the CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor ligands on the activity of atypical antidepressant drugs in the behavioural tests in mice. (Poland, full, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305719304873?via%3Dihub 
• Coadministered cannabidiol and clobazam: Preclinical evidence for both pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions. (Australia, full, 2019) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/epi.16355 
• Enhancing Breast Cancer Treatment Using a Combination of Cannabidiol and Gold Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy. (South Africa, full, 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/19/4771/htm 
• Joint and separate exposure to alcohol and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol produced distinct effects on glucose and insulin homeostasis in male rats. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-48466-w 
• A review of the anesthetic implications of marijuana use. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6650211/ 
• Potential Adverse Drug Events and Drug-Drug Interactions with Medical and Consumer Cannabidiol (CBD) Use. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/7/989/htm 
• Paradoxical Patterns of Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome-Like Liver Injury in Aged Female CD-1 Mice Triggered by Cannabidiol-Rich Cannabis Extract and Acetaminophen Co-Administration. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/12/2256/htm 
• Medical Marijuana: What Physicians Need to Know. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.psychiatrist.com/JCP/article/Pages/medical-marijuana-what-physicians-need-to-know.aspx 
• ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, a major marijuana component, enhances the anesthetic effect of pentobarbital through the CB1 receptor. (Japan, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6314990/ 
• Study: THC Enhances Analgesic Effects Of Opioids In Animal Model. (news – 2019)
  https://norml.org/news/2019/05/16/study-thc-enhances-analgesic-effects-of-opioids-in-animal-model
• If you smoke pot, your anesthesiologist needs to know. (news – 2019)
  https://www.nbcnews.com/health/health-news/if-you-smoke-pot-your-anesthesiologist-needs-know-n1038191
• CBDs Help Medication Cross the Blood Brain Barrier. (news – 2019)
  https://www.labroots.com/trending/cannabis-sciences/14554/cbds-help-medication-cross-blood-brain-barrier
• 2018
• Combined ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol and moderate alcohol administration: effects on ingestive behaviors in adolescent male rats. (USA, abstract, 2018) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00213-018-5093-3 
• The Relationship Between Tobacco and Cannabis Use: A Review. (Canada, abstract, 2018) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30362881/ 
• THC and gabapentin interactions in a mouse neuropathic pain model. (Australia, abstract, 2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0028390818307779?via%3Dihub 
• Effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on irinotecan-induced clinical effects in rats. (Croatia, abstract, 2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0009279718308792?via%3Dihub 
• Optimization Of A Preclinical Therapy Of Cannabinoids In Combination With Temozolomide Against Glioma. (Spain, abstract, 2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006295218303496 
• Synthetic cannabinoids are substrates and inhibitors of multiple drug-metabolizing enzymes. (Republic of Korea, abstract, 2018) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12272-018-1055-x 
• EFFECTS OF CANNABIS EXTRACT PREMEDICATION ON ANESTHETIC DEPTH. (Israel, abstract, 2018) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29582946/ 
• Pseudo-Wellens' syndrome secondary to concurrent cannabis and phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication. (USA/ Pakistan, abstract, 2018) https://casereports.bmj.com/content/2018/bcr-2018-225755 
• CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligands augment the antidepressant-like activity of biometals (magnesium and zinc) in the behavioural tests. (Poland, abstract, 2018) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29380383/ 
• Cannabis Use and Bleomycin: An Overview and Case Study of Pulmonary Toxicity. (USA, abstract, 2018) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cannabis-Use-and-Bleomycin%3A-An-overview-and-case-of-Merkle-Tavernier/0204a281f8fe5a4dd5bd26fe094010da67cec691 
• Safety of cannabidiol prescribed for children with refractory epilepsy. (Italy, letter, 2018) https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2018/209/5/safety-cannabidiol-prescribed-children-refractory-epilepsy 
• Cannabis and Anti-Cancer Drugs: Societal Usage and Expected Pharmacological Interactions - A Review. (France, PDF, 2018) https://www.ch-thuir.fr/sites/default/files/Bouqui-_et_al-2018-Fundamental_&_Clinical_Pharmacology.pdf 
• Practical considerations in medical cannabis administration and dosing. (Canada/ Czech Republic, PDF, 2018) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322257368_Practical_considerations_in_medical_cannabis_administration_and_dosing 
• Medicinal Cannabis—Potential Drug Interactions. (Australia/ Egypt, full, 2018) https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6320/6/1/3/htm 
• Targeting Glioma Initiating Cells With A Combined Therapy Of Cannabinoids And Temozolomide. (Spain, full, 2018) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295218303897 
• Differential associations of combined vs. isolated cannabis and nicotine on brain resting state networks. (USA, full, 2018) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6286234/ 
• Effect of adding medical cannabis to analgesic treatment in patients with low back pain related to fibromyalgia: an observational cross-over single centre study. (Israel, full, 2018) https://anaesthesia-painmedicine.imedpub.com/effect-of-adding-medical-cannabis-treatment-mct-to-analgesic-treatment-in-patients-with-low-back-pain-related-to-fibromyalgia-an-o.php?aid=20234 
• Impact of co-administration of oxycodone and smoked cannabis on analgesia and abuse liability. (USA/ Australia, full, 2018) https://www.nature.com/articles/s41386-018-0011-2 
• Risperidone Provides Better Improvement of Sleep Disturbances Than Haloperidol Therapy in Schizophrenia Patients With Cannabis-Positive Urinalysis. (Jamaica, full, 2018) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6058192/ 
• Efficacy of cannabinoids in paediatric epilepsy. (New Zealand/ Australia, full, 2018) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/dmcn.14087 
• Cannabidiol enhances morphine antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor. (Spain, full, 2018) https://molecularbrain.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13041-018-0395-2 
• Cannabidiol (CBD) Is a Novel Inhibitor for Exosome and Microvesicle (EMV) Release in Cancer. (UK, full, 2018) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2018.00889/full 
• Irinotecan and Δ⁸-Tetrahydrocannabinol Interactions in Rat Liver: A Preliminary Evaluation Using Biochemical and Genotoxicity Markers. (Croatia, full, 2018) https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/6/1332/htm 
• Intrathecal morphine administration reduces postoperative pain and peripheral endocannabinoid levels in total knee arthroplasty patients: a randomized clinical trial. (USA, full, 2018) https://bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12871-018-0489-5 
• An interaction between warfarin and cannabidiol, a case report. (USA, full, 2018) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5789126/ 
• Cannabis and the Opioid Crisis. (interview – 2018)
  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5931647/
• Relationship Between Marijuana and Opioids. (news – 2018)
  https://norml.org/marijuana/fact-sheets/item/relationship-between-marijuana-and-opioids
• Coffee Cannabis Connection. (news – 2018)
  https://neurosciencenews.com/coffee-cannabis-system-8649/
• Could Chamomile and Cannabis Oil Kill Cancer Cells? (news – 2018)
  https://unitedpatientsgroup.com/blog/2018/05/08/chamomile-and-cannabis-oil-for-cancer/
• 2017
• Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) administration after neonatal exposure to phencyclidine (PCP) potentiates schizophrenia-related behavioral phenotypes in mice. (USA, abstract, 2017) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0091305717301211 
• Interactive effects of morphine and nicotine on memory function depend on the central amygdala cannabinoid CB1 receptor function in rats. (Iran, abstract, 2017) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0278584617304554?via%3Dihub 
• Concurrent use of cannabis and alcohol: neuropsychiatric effects and consequences. (Spain, abstract, 2017) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28440194/ 
• Contribution of CB1Rs in anxiety-related behaviors but not locomotor deficits induced by methamphetamine. (Iran, PDF, 2017) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321739457_Contribution_of_CB1Rs_in_anxiety-related_behaviors_but_not_locomotor_deficits_induced_by_methamphetamine 
• Are cannabinoids effective for the management of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting? (Chile, PDF, 2017) https://www.medwave.cl/link.cgi/English/Updates/Epistemonikos/7120 
• Drug-drug interactions as a result of co-administering Δ9-THC and CBD with other psychotropic agents. (Canada/ Netherlands/ Singapore, full, 2017) https://www.grecc.org/publications/essais-cliniques/drug-drug-interactions-as-a-result-of-coadministering-%CE%B49-thc-and-cbd-with-other-psychotropic-agents-carola-rong-et-al-2018/ 
• The Impact of Combinations of Alcohol, Nicotine, and Cannabis on Dynamic Brain Connectivity. (USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5809800/ 
• Opioid-sparing Effect of Cannabinoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (Australia/ Canada, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5520783/ 
• The Differential Binding of Antipsychotic Drugs to the ABC Transporter P-Glycoprotein Predicts Cannabinoid-Antipsychotic Drug Interactions. (Australia, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5603813/ 
• Pharmacological and Toxicological Effects of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Their Metabolites. (USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5392241/ 
• Cross-Reactivity of Pantoprazole with Three Commercial Cannabinoids Immunoassays in Urine. (Spain, full, 2017) https://academic.oup.com/jat/article/41/9/760/3958769 
• Synergistic interaction of the cannabinoid and death receptor systems: A potential target for future cancer therapies? (USA, full, 2017) https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/1873-3468.12863 
• Acute memory and psychotomimetic effects of cannabis and tobacco both ‘joint’ and individually: a placebo-controlled trial. (UK/ USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5647681/ 
• Medicinal Cannabis: History, Pharmacology, And Implications for the Acute Care Setting. (USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5569602/ 
• Chili peppers, marijuana may reduce gut inflammation (news–2017) http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317128.php
• Should You Mix Turmeric And Weed For Pain Management? (news–2017) http://www.thealternativedaily.com/turmeric-and-weed-for-pain/
• Cannabinoids and chemotherapy in combination kill cancer cells (news–2017) http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317798.php
• Stirring the Pot: Potential Drug Interactions With Marijuana (news–2017) http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/881059
• Not Telling Your Doctor About Marijuana Use Can Hurt You (news–2017) https://thefreshtoast.com/cannabis/what-you-dont-tell-your-doctor-about-using-marijuana-can-hurt-you/
• 2016
• Preliminary Results of Uab’s Cbd Oil Studies Show Promise (news–2016) http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/649217/?sc=rsmn
• Coffee Pot: What Happens When You Mix Marijuana & Caffeine? (news–2016) https://www.yahoo.com/news/coffee-pot-happens-mix-marijuana-caffeine-161611734.html?ref=gs
• Combination of marijuana and tobacco in pregnancy may compound risks (news–2016) http://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pregnancy-marijuana-tobacco-idUSKCN0YV2BN
• Ebbu Announces Groundbreaking Scientific Research of “Entourage Effect” (news–2016) http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160623005867/en/
• Mixing pot and tobacco increases dependence risk (news–2016) http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2016/07/06/Mixing-pot-and-tobacco-increases-dependencerisk/8041467788885/
• Does medical marijuana reduce need for other meds? (news–2016) http://www.webmd.com/news/20160706/does-medical-marijuana-reduce-need-for-other-meds
• Spliffs Are Poison, Destroy Lungs (news–2016) https://www.greenrushdaily.com/2016/01/12/spliffs-poison-destroy-lungs/
• Marijuana Use by Older Adults (news–2016) http://learnaboutmarijuanawa.org/factsheets/olderadults.htm
• Mixing the Pot? 7 Ways Marijuana Interacts with Medicines (news–2016) https://www.livescience.com/56439-how-marijuana-interacts-with-medicines.html
• 2015
• Veterans Health Administration Policy on Cannabis as an Adjunct to Pain Treatment with Opiates (article–2015) http://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/2015/06/pfor2-1506.html
• Nicotine Changes Marijuana’s Effect on the Brain (news & abstract-2015) http://neurosciencenews.com/hippocampal-volume-nicotine-marijuana-2457/
• Substance abuse risk not greater in those using medical marijuana with prescribed opioids (news–2015) http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2015-05/joso-sar051115.php
• 2014
• Hormone shows promise at negating marijuana’s high effect (news–2014) http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hormone-shows-promise-at-negating-marijuanas-high-effect/
• Active ingredient in pot sets off a feedback that reduces intoxication (news–2014) http://arstechnica.com/science/2014/01/active-ingredient-in-pot-sets-off-a-feedback-that-reduces-intoxication/
• Muting Marijuana’s High: Pot Without the Impairment (news–2014) http://healthland.time.com/2014/01/03/muting-marijuanas-high-pot-without-the-impairment/
• Alcohol and drugs put teens at increased risk for unsafe driving (news–2014) http://www.news-medical.net/news/20140428/Alcohol-and-drugs-put-teens-at-increased-risk-for-unsafe-driving.aspx
• Medical marijuana laws may reduce painkiller overdoses (news–2014) http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/25/health/medical-marijuana-overdose-deaths/index.html
• How Black Pepper relieves Cannabis Anxiety (news–2014) http://cannabisdigest.ca/black-pepper-relieves-cannabis-anxiety/
• Why growing numbers of pot smokers eat mango before lighting up (news–2014) http://www.salon.com/2014/07/11/why_growing_numbers_of_pot_smokers_eat_mango_before_lighting_up_partner/
• Study: THC Reduces Methamphetamine-Induced Brain Damage (news–2014) https://www.theweedblog.com/study-thc-reduces-methamphetamine-induced-brain-damage/
• 2011
• Marijuana, Narcotics Help Patients Reduce Chronic Pain, Study Finds (news–2011) http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/12/08/marijuana-narcotics-help-patients-reduce-pain_n_1137416.html