Kratom

Kratom- 

• Kratom is federally legal and found in the Mitrigyna speciosa tree.
• Below are the most recent health related publications on the matter. 
• 2024:
• Direct from FDA: FDA warns consumers not to purchase or use Neptune's Fix or any tianeptine product due to serious risk. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-warns-consumers-not-purchase-or-use-neptunes-fix-or-any-tianeptine-product-due-serious-risks 
• Direct from NIH:
  • Kratom: https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/kratom 
  • Kratom: StatPearls: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585120/
• 2023
• NPR: Herbal Supplement Kratom targeted by lawsuits after a string of deaths. https://www.npr.org/2023/07/08/1186514144/kratom-herbal-supplement-lawsuits-deaths-fda 
• Kratom Alkaloids, Cannabinoids and chronic pain: Basis of potential utility and role in therapy. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2023.0064 
• 2022
  • Kratom as an Opioid Alternative: Harm, or Harm Reduction? A Systematic Review of Literature. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00952990.2022.2111685
  • Kratom: History, pharmacology, current user trends, adverse health effects, and potential benefits. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0011502922001262 
  • Case Study: Buprenorphine-Naloxone in the setting of Kratom Withdrawal, Opioid Use Disorder and Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/jpm.2022.0491 
  • Inhibition of a-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase Properties of Mitrigyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. (Kratom) Leaves. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/3909 
  • Life Threatening Hyponatremia Secondary to Chronic Kratom Use: A Case Presentation. https://www.cureus.com/articles/112883-life-threatening-hyponatremia-secondary-to-chronic-kratom-use-a-case-presentation 
  • Public Health Implications and Possible Sources of Lead (Pb) as a Contaminant of poorly regulated Kratom products in the United States.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/7/398 
• 2020
  • The Chemistry of Kratom. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7718854/
  • Kratom dependence and treatment options: A comprehensive review of the literature. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32682371/