KIDNEYS

KIDNEYS:

Articles on Synthetic cannabis and effect it has upon the kidneys will be located under the "Synthetic cannabinoids" heading. 

• 2025
• A Retrospective Cohort Study That Examined the Impact of Cannabis Consumption on Long-Term Kidney Outcomes: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/can.2022.0141
• 2024
• Cannabis-Containing Cream for CKD-Associated Pruritus: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled trial. https://www.kidneymedicinejournal.org/article/S2590-0595(24)00105-5/fulltext 
• 2023
• Association between Marijuana use and kidney stone: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2009-2018. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2023.1214647/full 
• A retrospective cohort study that examined the impact of cannabis consumption on long term kidney outcomes. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/can.2022.0141 
• CBGA ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis in nephropathy. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-33507-2
• Medical cannabis for Pain management in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: a randomized double-blind, cross-over, feasibility study. https://academic.oup.com/ckj/article/16/4/701/6958829?login=false 
• The Nephrologist's guide to cannabis and cannabinoids. (NCBI 01/2020)   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7012334/
• Endocannabinoid system and the Kidneys: From Renal Physiology to Injury and Disease. (NCBI 2019)  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6653784/
• A Review of Cannabis in Chronic Kidney Disease Symptom Management (02/2019)   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6388458/
• Marijuana and Cannabinoids in ESRD and earlier stages of CKD (AJKD 02/2018)  https://www.ajkd.org/article/S0272-6386(17)30810-7/fulltext
• Marijuana Use and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in Young Adults (08/2017)  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628707/
• Cannabinoids and the Kidney: effects in health and disease. (AJP 11/2017)  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792153/
• 2020
• Circulating Endocannabinoids and Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. (USA, abstract, 2020) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31935741/ 
• Circulating Endocannabinoid Levels as Potential Biomarkers for Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients. (Israel, full, 2020) https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/505446 
• 2019
• The protective effect of cannabinoid type 2 receptor activation on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. (Turkey, abstract, 2019) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11010-019-03616-6 
• Dual Inhibition of Cannabinoid‐1 Receptor and iNOS Attenuates Obesity‐induced Chronic Kidney Disease. (Israel/ USA, abstract, 2019) https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bph.14849 
• Marijuana use should not preclude consideration for kidney transplantation. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31498490/ 
• The effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on Krüppel-like factor-4 expression, redox homeostasis, and inflammation in the kidney of diabetic rat. (Turkey, abstract, 2019) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31081965/ 
• Cannabis abuse and dependence in kidney transplant candidates. (USA, abstract, 2019) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022399918310109?via%3Dihub 
• Serum Endocannabinoid Levels in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6767629/ 
• Denying renal transplantation to an adolescent medical cannabis user: An ethical case study. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6671627/ 
• Do Endocannabinoids Regulate Glucose Reabsorption in the Kidney? (Israel, full, 2019) https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/494512 
• The cannabinoid receptor 1 is involved in renal fibrosis during chronic allograft dysfunction: Proof of concept. (France, full, 2019) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jcmm.14570 
• Endocannabinoid System and the Kidneys: From Renal Physiology to Injury and Disease. (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6653784/ 
• Should donors who have used marijuana be considered candidates for living kidney donation? (USA, full, 2019) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6543962/ 
• Cannabis: From a Plant That Modulates Feeding Behaviors toward Developing Selective Inhibitors of the Peripheral Endocannabinoid System for the Treatment of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome. (Israel, full, 2019) https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/5/275/htm 
• 2018
• The role of cannabinoid signaling in acute and chronic kidney diseases. (Italy, abstract, 2018) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29706358/ 
• Cannabinoid Receptors in Diabetic Kidney Disease. (Italy, abstract, 2018) https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11892-018-0975-7 
• Ischemia/Reperfusion Model Impairs Endocannabinoid Signaling and Na+/K+ ATPase Expression and Activity in Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells. (Brazil/ Italy, PDF, 2018) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325666508_IschemiaReperfusion_Model_Impairs_Endocannabinoid_Signaling_and_Na_K_ATPase_Expression_and_Activity_in_Kidney_Proximal_Tubule_Cells 
• The therapeutic potential of targeting the peripheral endocannabinoid/CB1 receptor system. (Israel, PDF, 2018) https://www.researchgate.net/publication/322406844_The_therapeutic_potential_of_targeting_the_peripheral_endocannabinoidCB_1_receptor_system 
• Targeted inhibition of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor is a novel approach to reduce renal fibrosis. (China/ USA, full, 2018) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6151282/ 
• Self-Reported Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. (USA, full, 2018) https://cjasn.asnjournals.org/content/13/7/993.long 
• Marijuana Doesn’t Seem to Harm the Kidneys. (news – 2018)
  https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/news/20180306/marijuana-doesnt-seem-to-harm-the-kidneys
• Marijuana Use Doesn’t Affect Outcome Of Kidney Transplants, Study Finds.
  (news – 2018) https://www.marijuanamoment.net/marijuana-use-doesnt-affect-outcome-of-kidney-transplants-study-finds/
• Cannabis Use Doesn’t Negatively Impact Organ Transplants According To Study.
  (news – 2018) https://norml.org/news/2018/11/21/study-cannabis-use-doesn-t-negatively-impact-organ-transplants
• 2017
• Marijuana and Cannabinoids in ESRD and Earlier Stages of CKD. (USA, PDF, 2017) https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Marijuana-and-Cannabinoids-in-ESRD-and-Earlier-CKD.-Rein-Wyatt/80197e51680595d9fb57e023d583aa4e39ba062e 
• The role of cannabinoid receptors in renal diseases. (France, abstract, 2017) https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/ben/cmc/2018/00000025/00000007/art00003 
• Cannabinoid-1 receptor deletion in podocytes mitigates both glomerular and tubular dysfunction in a mouse model of diabetic nephropathy. (USA, PDF, 2017) http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/13595/1/Jourdan_DiabetesObsityMetabolism_2017.pdf 
• Selective Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Stimulation Reduces Tubular Epithelial Cell Damage after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. (USA/ India, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5774215/ 
• Proximal Tubular Cannabinoid-1 Receptor Regulates Obesity-Induced CKD. (Israel/ USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5698062/ 
• Cannabinoids and the Kidney: Effects in Health and Disease. (USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792153/ 
• Increased Renal 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Level Is Associated with Improved Renal Function in a Mouse Model of Acute Kidney Injury. (USA, full, 2017) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5531066/ 
• Targeting cannabinoid signaling for peritoneal dialysis-induced oxidative stress and fibrosis. (Taiwan, full, 2017) https://www.wjgnet.com/2220-6124/full/v6/i3/111.htm 
• Kidney patient taken off transplant list for using medical marijuana (news–2017) http://wgme.com/news/local/kidney-patient-taken-off-transplant-list-for-using-medical-marijuana
• 2016
• Cannabinoid receptors in the kidney. (Australia, abstract, 2016) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27367912/ 
• Role of cannabinoid receptors in renal diseases. (France, abstract, 2016) https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1769725516000353 
• Anandamide and its metabolites: what are their roles in the kidney? (USA, full, 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6267779/ 
• Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome Associated With Compulsive Showering and Acute Kidney Injury. (USA, full, 2016) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874760/ 
• 2015
• Synthetic cannabis compounds used to tackle diabetes linked kidney failure (news–2015) http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/14031326.Synthetic_cannabis_compounds_used_to_tackle_diabetes_linked_kidney_failure/?ref=rss
• 2013
• Synthetic Marijuana Dangerous for Kidneys (news–2013) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/02/130208124553.htm
• 2012
• Wyoming kidney failure outbreak linked to designer ‘blueberry spice’ drug, aka ‘legal marijuana’ (news–2012) http://www.naturalnews.com/035181_spice_recreational_drugs_kidney_failure.html
• Outbreak of kidney failure in Wyoming linked to “Spice” (news–2012) http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/03/us-spice-illness-wyoming-idUSTRE82204T20120303