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CANNABIDIOL (CBD)

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Cannabidiol (CBD)

  • How did the U.S. arrive at 0.3% by dry weight?: 
    • The 0.3% THC mandate is a problematic interpretation and application of early cannabis science. In 1976, Canadian horticulturalists Ernest Small and Arthur Cronquist published an article in Taxon, entitled “A Practical and Natural Taxonomy in Cannabis,” in which they provide the seminal demarcation between “industrial hemp” vs “marijuana”2 that has been adopted by governments around the world. In their words: It will be noted that we arbitrarily adopt a concentration of 0.3% Delta9-THC (dry weight basis) in young, vigorous leaves of relatively mature plants as a guide to discriminating two classes of plants. This is based on standard-grown material in Ottawa in gardens, greenhouses and growth chambers, and of course on our analytical techniques. Dr. C. E. Turner, who has conducted extensive chemical analysis of Cannabis at the University of Mississippi, has agreed (pers. com.) that this is a reasonable figure to discriminate two classes of plants. The major scientific problem (besides “we arbitrarily adopt…”) is that the widely implemented 0.3% THC concentration limit is often applied to flowering tops (where cannabinoid production is concentrated) instead of the “young, vigorous leaves of relatively mature plants” identified by Small and Cronquist. https://legislature.vermont.gov/Documents/2018/WorkGroups/House%20Agriculture/Hemp/W~Cary%20Giguere~THC%20Content~3-29-2018.pdf 
  • Know properties with synergistic terpenes
    • Anti-inflammatory (Hampson et al., 1998)
      • Limonene et al
    • Anti-convulsant (Jones et al., 2010)
      • Linalool
    • Anti-oxidant (Hampson et al., 1998)
      • Limonene et al.
    • Anti-psychotic
    • Anti-anxiety via 5-HT1A (Russo et al., 2005)
      • Linalool
      • Limonene
    •  Cytotoxic versus breast cancer (Ligresti et al., 2006)
      • Limonene
    • Effective versus MRSA (Appendino et al., 2008)
      • Pinene
    • ↑ adenosine A2A signalling (Carrier et al., 2006)
      • Linalool
    •  Treatment of addiction
      • Caryophyllene
    • Decreases sebum/sebocytes (Biro et al., 2009)
      • Pinene
      • limonene
      • linalool

Studies:

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